『大東亜戦争への道』（展転社）
中村 粲
その２９ 第九章 赤色支那への対応 第１節 南京事件
孫文の急死とともに国共合作の包蔵する矛盾は一気に表面化し、その中で台頭してきたのが軍事力を掌握した蒋介石でした。彼は中国統一のため北伐を主張、蒋を総司令とする国民革命軍は１９２６年７月広東を進発、２年後の１９２８年６月、北京入城で完成します。この北伐の過程で、中国は日本をはじめ諸外国の居留民と権益財産に対していく多の無法行為に出ました。そして多くの場合、背後に共産党の策動がありました。満州事変への道は、「ある日突然」ではなく、激烈な排日と赤色テロにあやどられた歴史展開のうちに準備されていったのです。
北伐が開始されると、中共は態度を一変させ、コミンテルン指令に従って革命の戦果の後自己の政治勢力を扶植していく政策をとります。革命軍の進撃は目覚ましく、９月には漢口、１０月１０日には武昌を陥落させます。武漢が陥落するや、中共は南昌攻撃に従わず、武漢地方の最大の軍閥唐生智と組んで、武漢を中共並びに国民党左派の根拠地たらしめんとしたのです。１９２７年２月２１日、国民党本部と政府の武漢移転が宣言され、武漢政府が樹立されました。
将は武漢政府から国民革命軍総司令の地位を取り消されたものの軍事力を背景に１９２７年３月下旬までに上海近郊・広州・南京を占領、蒋派と武漢派の対立は深まりました。
３月２４日、南京に入った革命軍の正規兵の一部が、衝突を恐れ非武装にしていた日本領事館に乱入、略奪暴行殺害行為に及んだのです。英米の領事館も同じ目にあいました。両国は扛上の軍艦より砲撃を行いましたが、日本は自制しました。
この事件は、「革命軍中の共産党代表及び共産派下級将校が南京共産党支部長と予め計画準備のため行った組織的かつ排外的暴動」（森岡領事）でした。米国領事も同じ見方を本国に報告しています。より詳しい情報については本文をぜひお読みください。
南京事件から間もない４月６日、北京の支配者張作霖は、ソ連大使館を捜査、共産革命工作の秘密指令等の証拠書類を押収しました。蒋介石の反共意志は固まりました。４月１２日上海に於いて反共産党大粛清を断行、直ちに南京政府を樹立しました。
６月初旬、コミンテルンが、当時漢口滞在中のインド共産党首領ロイに宛てて、農民の武装蜂起を指令する密伝を発し、ロイがこれを汪精衛に見せたのです。さすがの汪精衛、国民党左派もこの密伝には愕然とし、共産党の正体に気が付いたのです。７月武漢政府は
「容共政策放棄声明」を発し、共産党との絶縁を宣言、ソ連の軍事顧問を追放しました。
汪精衛は南京政府との合体を提唱、これに南京権の蒋介石も両政権合体を表明しました。
９月６日、両政権の合体協定が成立、ここに二つの国民党政権が南京政府の下に統一されたのです。
・その２９，第９章１節： https://hassin.org/01/wp-content/uploads/Road29.pdf
・ 〃 第９章１節 英訳文： https://www.sdh-fact.com/CL/Road29E.pdf
令和６年９月３日
「史実を世界に発信する会」 会長 茂木弘道
協力者代表：神奈川大学教授 小山和伸
＊拡散大歓迎
THE ROAD TO THE GREATER EAST ASIAN WAR
Nakamura Akira, Dokkyo University Professor Emeritus
(English Translation: Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact)
Part 29, Chapter 9: Contending with Attempts to Communize China-I
Immediately after the untimely death of Sun Yat-sen, the contradictions inherent in the United Front came to light. As they surfaced, Chiang Kai-shek was gaining prominence and military strength. He was eager to move forward with the Northern Expedition, maintaining that it would help unite China. He prevailed, and the NRA (National Revolutionary Army), with Chiang as its commander in chief, marched out of Guangdong in July 1926, completing its mission two years later, in August 1928, in Beijing. During the expedition NRA troops committed numerous unlawful acts against the persons of Japanese and other foreign residents, as well as their property and interests. The CCP was responsible for most of those crimes. The Manchurian Incident of 1931 was not spur of the moment; the path to it was paved with historical developments, among them violent anti-Japanese acts with telltale signs of communist terrorism.
Once it became clear that the Northern Expedition would come to pass, the CCP did an about-face, prompted by the Comintern. Borodin issued strict orders that the CCP members were to establish and expand the party’s political strength after each NRA victory. NRA campaigns met with spectacular success. In September Nationalist forces occupied Hanyang and then Hankou, and on October 10, Wuhan fell. When Wuhan was defeated, the CCP refused to obey Chiang Kai-shek’s orders to attack Nanchang. Instead, the communists formed an alliance with Tang Shengzhi, the most powerful warlord in the Wuhan region, their objective being to establish Wuhan as a base for CCP and left-wing GMD members. On February 21, 1927 GMD headquarters announced that the government had been moved to Wuhan.
Chiang was dismissed as commander in chief, but he ignored the demotion and continued with his mission. By the waning days of March 1927, his forces had occupied the environs of Shanghai, as well as Hangzhou and Nanjing. Chiang’s forces gradually assembled in Nanjing, and friction between the Nanjing and Wuhan factions intensified.
On March 24 NRA troops entered Nanjing, holding their blue-and-white GMD flag high, and burst into the defenseless Japanese consulate. They plundered the consul’s residence, stealing everything in sight. The women there were forced to undergo innumerable, agonizing ‘physical examinations’. The NRA also looted the British and American consulates, and schools and offices. To rescue their civilians, both nations shelled the city of Nanjing from battleships on the Yangzi for about an hour. But Japanese battleships held back, fearing that their participation would trigger a massacre. A total of seven foreign nationals died in the Nanjing Incident, including one Japanese.
Consul Morioka reported that the attack was a systematic, xenophobic uprising planned and perpetrated by CCP officials and junior officers in the NRA Army, in concert with members of the Nanjing branch of the CCP. On April 6, not long after the Nanjing incident, Zhang Zuolin, now the commandant in Beijing, raided the Soviet Embassy, confiscating documents that revealed communist maneuvering, among them secret directives. It became increasingly clear that the events in Nanjing were part of Stalin’s plan to communize the world. Chiang Kai-shek’s anticommunist sentiments had solidified. On April 12, he conducted a huge anti-CCP purge, and immediately proceeded to establish a government in Nanjing.
In early June, the Comintern sent a secret telegram to Manabendra Roy, a leading Indian communist operating in Hankou, ordering him to organize an armed peasant uprising. Roy showed the telegram to Wang Jingwei and his leftist cronies. Wang, at long last, awakened to the fact that the CCP was planning not the realization of the Three Principles of the People, but a communist revolution.
In July 1927 the Wuhan government announced that the United Front had been dissolved. Cooperation with the CCP ceased, and Borodin and his staff of Soviet political and military advisers were sent packing. Wuhan government head Wang Jingwei proposed uniting the two governments, and in response Chiang Kai-shek, head of the Nanjing government, consented and announced the merger. On September 6, an agreement was signed, and the two GMD governments became one, with its seat in Nanjing.
URL: https://www.sdh-fact.com/book-article/2224/
PDF: https://www.sdh-fact.com/CL/Road29E.pdf
MOTEKI Hiromichi, Chairman
Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact