『日本がアジアを目覚めさせた』
語り継ぎたい「２０世紀の奇跡」インド独立への道（ハート出版）
プロビール・ビカシュ・シャーカー著
その６ 第５章 チャンドラ・ボースとインド国民軍
ビハリ・ボースからインド国民軍の指揮を譲り受けたチャンドラ・ボースは、１９４３年７月４日、自由インド臨時政府樹立の計画を発表し、自由と独立のためには、死をも辞さずに戦い抜く覚悟が必要だと演説し、国民軍兵士から熱狂的な喝さいを受けました。７月5日東條首相がシンガポールに立ち寄り、国民軍を閲兵した時、チャンドラ・ボースは後世に伝えられる有名な演説「チェロ・デリー」（進め！デリーへ！）を行っています。
11月5日、東京で開催されたアジア初のサミット「大東亜会議」には、中華民国の汪兆銘行政委員長、満州国の張景恵総理大臣、フィリピンのホセ・ラウレル大統領、ビルマのバー・モウ総理大臣、タイのワンワンタヤーコーン親王が参加し、東条首相の開会演説に次いで各自登壇、演説しました。現時点では独立を果たしていなかったインド仮政府を代表したチャンドラ・ボースが最も深く力強いメッセージを発したのでした。ボースは述べます。
「我々自由インド仮政府並びにその指導課にあるすべてのものは将に米英帝国主義に対して最後の決戦を開始せんとして居る者でありまして、我々の背後には啻に無敵日本の強き力のみならず東亜の解放せられたる各国民の総意と決意ありとの自覚の下に、今や我々は不倶戴天の仇敵撃滅に進軍せんとしている次第です。」
6日には、「大東亜共同宣言」が満場一致で採択されます。
－大東亜各国は共に大東亜の安定を確保し、道義に基づく共存共栄の秩序を建設する
－相互に自主独立を尊重、互助の実を挙げ大東亜の親和を確立する
－相互にその伝統を尊重し各民族の創造性を伸ばし大東亜の文化を高揚する
－各国は互恵の下緊密に提携し経済発展を図り大東亜の繁栄を増進する
－萬邦との交誼を篤くし人種差別を撤廃し文化を交流し資源を開放し世界に貢献する
人種差別撤廃を世界で最初にを宣言した画期的なものです。チャンドラ・ボースはこの憲章を、「東亜各国にとどまらず、全世界の被抑圧国民の憲章たらんことを祈る次第です」と演説で述べました。
インパール作戦の失敗により、日本軍とインド国民軍のインド進撃は失敗に終わりましたが、インド国民軍首脳の軍法裁判に対する抗議が激しい独立運動に発展し、遂にイギリスは進退窮まり、インド独立を認めざるを得なくなったのです。チャンドラ・ボースの悲願はこうして実現したわけです。
・その６，日本語原文： http://hassin.org/01/wp-content/uploads/Asia6.pdf
・〃 英訳文： https://www.sdh-fact.com/CL/Asia6e.pdf
・著者プロフィール：http://hassin.org/01/wp-content/uploads/Sarker.pdf
令和５年５月１９日
「史実を世界に発信する会」 会長 茂木弘道
Japan Awakened Asia―A Miracle of the 20th Century
The Road to the Independence of India
―A Story to Be Passed Down to the Next Generation
Pribir Bikash Sarker
Part 6, Chapter 5: Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army
On July 4, 1942, Chandra Bose succeeded Behari Bose as the new leader of the Indian National Army in Singapore and announced a plan to establish the Provisional Government of Free India, emphasizing that for liberty and independence, it was imperative to fight resolutely, in defiance of dangerous forced marches, hunger or even death. His speech was received with enthusiastic applause by the Indian National Army soldiers. And on July 5, Prime Minister Tojo landed in Singapore via Manila and inspected the INA troops. On that occasion, Chandra Bose gave the legendary address, “Chalo Delhi (march to Delhi)!”
On November 5, the Great East Asian Conference was held, attended by Wang Jingwei, President of the Republic of China（Nanjing）, Zhang Jinghui, Prime Minister of Manchuria, Jose P. Laurel, President of the Republic of the Philippines, Ba Maw, Head of State and Prime Minister of Burma and Wan Waithayakon, Prince and envoy from the Kingdom of Thailand. After Prime Minister Tojo Hideki made an opening address, the other participants rose to the stage and spoke. The most powerful and profound speech was given by Chandra Bose from Azad Hind (Provisional Government of Free India). Bose stated:
I am sure that we of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind and all those who under the leadership of our Government will launch the last struggle against Anglo-American imperialism, will now go to war against our sworn enemy with the consciousness that behind us stands not only the invincible might of Nippon, but also the united will and grim determination of the emancipated nations of East Asia.
On July 6, the Greater East Asian Joint Declaration was adopted unanimously.
1) The countries of Greater East Asia, through mutual cooperation, will ensure the stability of their region and construct an order of common prosperity and well-being based upon justice.
2) The countries of Greater East Asia will ensure the fraternity of nations in their region, by respecting one another’s sovereignty and independence and practicing mutual assistance and amity.
3) The countries of Greater East Asia, by respecting one another’s traditions and developing the creative faculties of each race, will enhance the culture and civilization of Greater East Asia.
4) The countries of Greater East Asia will endeavor to accelerate their economic development through close cooperation upon a basis of reciprocity and to promote thereby the general prosperity of their region.
5) The countries of Greater East Asia will cultivate friendly relations with all the countries of the world, and work for the abolition of racial discrimination, the promotion of cultural interaction and the opening of resources throughout the world, and contribute thereby to the progress of mankind.
This was an epoch making declaration in the sense that “abolition of racial discrimination” was for the first time declared in human history. Chandra Bose stated in his address: “I pray to god that this Joint Declaration … may prove to be a charter for the nations of East Asia and, what is more, a charter for the suppressed nations of the whole world.”
The failure of the battle of Imphal prevented Japan and the Indian National Army’s advance into the Indian mainland. However, a military trial of the three leaders of the Indian National Army started a nationwide independence movement, which the British authorities could not control. And the Indian independence, which Chandra Bose hoped for, became a reality on August 15, 1947.
URL: https://www.sdh-fact.com/book-article/2073/
PDF: https://www.sdh-fact.com/CL/Asia6e.pdf
Author: https://www.sdh-fact.com/auther/probir-bikash-sarker/
MOTEKI Hiromichi, Chairman
Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact